Seoul: A "fundamental" overhaul of South Korea's military service system is essential for the country's national security and survival, according to Military Manpower Administration (MMA) Commissioner Hong So-young. In a recent interview with Yonhap News Agency, Hong emphasized the urgency of addressing the shrinking pool of conscripts due to a demographic cliff, stating that reforming the military service system is not optional but necessary. According to Yonhap News Agency, Hong highlighted that the government is in the final stages of reviewing reform measures of the "alternative" military service system as part of the overhaul. The MMA, which oversees military conscription in South Korea, is tasked with maintaining force readiness against North Korea. The mandatory draft system requires all able-bodied men to complete 18 to 21 months of service. South Korea faces a declining birthrate, leading to a shortage of conscripts. Data from the Ministry of the Interior and Safety shows that the number of men in their 20s is expected to drop significantly from around 224,000 in 2025 to as low as 120,000 by 2043. In response, Seoul launched a task force last year to upgrade the basic plan for defense reform, focusing on troop modernization and reevaluating conscription practices. The MMA's reform plans aim to boost active-duty personnel by revamping the alternative service system, which currently accounts for about 10 percent of all conscripts. The system involves assigning individuals to "supplemental" roles based on fitness exams, which include social service workers or technical staff positions. The government is considering allowing those in non-combat roles to apply for "full-time reserve" positions, enabling them to commute from home while fulfilling their duties. Reform discussions also include changes to the alternative track for arts and sports figures, who currently fulfill military obligations through community service after achieving top awards. The program might be reformed to focus on prestigious compe titions with stricter entry requirements. Additionally, the MMA is examining mandatory service exemptions for North Korean defectors and naturalized citizens, assessing factors like settlement timing and cultural adaptation. The agency is considering adjustments to service exemptions or requirements based on age. Commissioner Hong emphasized the importance of implementing a "fair and equitable" military service system. She expressed satisfaction in finally addressing long-standing policy issues, ensuring that military manpower is managed and secured effectively.