Seoul: Korea's indigenous Nuri (KSLV-II) rocket successfully completed its fourth launch early Thursday, marking another significant step forward for the nation's space program. The rocket was launched from the Naro Space Center in Goheung, South Jeolla, at precisely 1:13 a.m., reaching its designated altitude of 600 kilometers. All 13 satellites aboard, including the primary payload, the third next-generation medium-sized satellite, and 12 secondary payloads, separated successfully and established stable communications with ground stations.

According to Yonhap News Agency, this launch is particularly noteworthy as it signifies the beginning of Korea's transition toward a space industry predominantly led by private entities. This mission is part of the government's Nuri advancement program, with Hanwha Aerospace acting as the system integration contractor. While the transition was initially set to commence with the third launch in May 2023, the Korea Aerospace Research Institute was still the chief designer and manufacturer at that time. A comprehensive technology transfer agreement, covering design, assembly, and launch operations, was not finalized until July. Hanwha Aerospace deployed approximately 180 personnel for this recent launch and plans to increase its involvement in the fifth and sixth missions.

The subsequent challenge involves developing a successor to the Nuri program while executing follow-up launches. On November 25, the National Space Committee confirmed plans for the next-generation rocket, KSLV-III, to be developed as a methane-fueled reusable launch vehicle. Although budget approvals are pending, the decision by Korea's top space policymaking body is unlikely to be overturned. The project aims to create a rocket capable of delivering a lander to the moon, representing a considerable advancement from earlier plans for a kerosene-fueled disposable two-stage vehicle. As reusable rockets, led by SpaceX, become the new norm in the commercial launch market, achieving reusability is crucial for maintaining competitiveness.

Another challenge is navigating the U.S. International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). Even if Korea independently constructs its launch vehicle, satellites with U.S.-made components remain subject to ITAR restrictions, which aim to prevent the transfer of sensitive military space technologies. Korea will need to leverage diplomatic skills similar to those used in lifting missile guidelines and negotiating nuclear-powered submarine technology to expand its capabilities in space development.

The Nuri program, which is set to conclude with its sixth launch in 2027, must continue until the KSLV-III is ready. Over 300 Korean companies are involved in the project, many of which are investing despite limited short-term returns. The government must assist in creating demand so that the private sector can develop the necessary capabilities for long-term growth, as a private-led space era will not materialize independently.